Current Affairs 1st to 15th November

Current Affairs 1st to 15th November

1.   Indian Institute of Advanced Study (IIAS), Shimla

The Indian Institute of Advanced Study (IIAS), Shimla, marked its 59th Foundation Day with a grand celebration at the institute’s Pool Theatre. Renowned musician and Padma Shri awardee Som Datt Battu was the chief guest, adding prestige to the event. The day was filled with cultural and literary presentations, showcasing the rich heritage of art and knowledge that IIAS promotes.

The celebrations began with the traditional lighting of the ceremonial lamp, followed by a virtual welcome address by IIAS Director, Raghavendra P. Tiwari. In his speech, Battu reflected on the importance of music and culture, emphasizing their role in shaping society and preserving India’s heritage.

Highlights

• Guest of Honor: Padma Shri awardee Som Datt Battu, a noted musician, was the chief guest.
• Ceremonial Opening: The event commenced with the lighting of the ceremonial lamp.
• Director’s Address: Raghavendra P. Tiwari, the Director of IIAS, gave a virtual welcome address.
• Cultural and Literary Presentations: A series of performances showcased Indian cultural richness, aligning with the institute’s commitment to intellectual and artistic pursuits.

Background of IIAS

Established in 1965, the Indian Institute of Advanced Study (IIAS) in Shimla is a premier research institution dedicated to promoting higher studies in humanities, social sciences, and Indian culture. Located in the iconic Viceregal Lodge, IIAS has hosted countless scholars and thinkers from India and around the world. Its mission is to foster intellectual dialogue and research that contributes to the understanding and advancement of Indian society and global culture.

2.   Himalayan Tree Species Moving to Higher Altitudes Due to Climate Change

Recent studies reveal that several tree species are disappearing from lower Himalayan regions as rising temperatures drive them to higher altitudes. Similar to the shifting snowline, many species are migrating upwards, leaving the lower regions barren. According to the Himalayan Forest Research Institute (HFRI), Shimla, tree species are now being observed 100 to 1,000 meters above their previous altitudinal range. For instance, deodar (Cedrus deodara), which was once commonly found at altitudes of 1,500–2,500 meters, is now primarily seen at around 3,000 meters.

Key Highlights:

• Average Upward Shift: Trees are moving 20–25 meters higher per decade.
• Blue Pine (Pinus wallichiana): Previously found at 1,800–2,500 meters, now seen up to 2,800 meters.
• Deodar (Cedrus deodara): Once at 1,500–2,500 meters, now approaching 3,000 meters.
• Himalayan Birch (Betula utilis), West Himalayan Fir (Abies pindrow), and Rhododendron: Observed shifting 100–300 meters upward.

Causes of the Shift:

• Rising Temperatures: Global warming is forcing vegetation to adapt, leading to an upward movement in tree lines, especially in alpine regions.
• Species Displacement: Lower-altitude species like oak and pine are encroaching into mid-altitude forests, while higher-altitude species are retreating to limited alpine zones.

Impact of Climate Change:

• Ecosystem Disruption: Alpine vegetation is becoming confined, reducing biodiversity. Some species, like the Himalayan fir and birch, are at the brink of extinction.
• Uneven Adaptation: Some species are adjusting rapidly, while others are slow to respond, making them more vulnerable.
• Scientific Research: Since 2010, the HFRI and the Forest Department have been monitoring vegetation changes in areas like Chura Kanda (Kalpa), Narada Kanda (Kinnaur), and the Great Himalayan National Park. Early results confirm significant altitudinal shifts.

Climate change is visibly reshaping the forest landscapes of Himachal Pradesh, necessitating urgent conservation efforts to mitigate its impact on the region’s biodiversity.

3.   Himachal Pradesh Seeks Special Attention from NITI Aayog

Himachal Pradesh Chief Minister Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu met NITI Aayog officials, including Vice-Chairman Suman Bery and member VK Paul, to advocate for the state’s unique needs. He highlighted the importance of recognizing Himachal Pradesh’s role in conserving forests, which serve as the “lungs of North India.”

Highlights of the Meeting

• Green Bonus Demand: The Chief Minister emphasized the need for a “green bonus” to reward Himachal for preserving its forest cover, essential for national ecological balance.
• Distinct Financial Yardstick: Sukhu urged NITI Aayog to adopt a separate framework for assessing the financial needs of hilly states.
• Connectivity and Infrastructure: The need for improved air and rail connectivity in the state was raised.
• Hydropower Royalty: A demand for royalty from CPSU-operated hydropower projects was reiterated.
• Natural Calamities and Health Concerns: Challenges like frequent natural disasters and rising cancer cases were discussed, with a request for a detailed study of their causes.

Chief Minister’s Demand

• Recognition of Himachal’s environmental contribution through a “green bonus.”
• Special financial considerations for hilly states.
• Expert studies to address natural calamities and health challenges.

NITI Aayog’s Assurance

An expert panel will analyze the issues raised and work towards suitable recommendations.

4.   Shimla Ropeway Project: A Step Towards Sustainable Urban Transport

Why in News?

The Himachal Pradesh government is set to float tenders for the ambitious Shimla ropeway project after Diwali, with work likely to commence in March 2025. The project, funded by the New Development Bank (NDB), aims to address Shimla’s traffic woes and promote sustainable tourism.

About the Project

• Length and Scope: The 13.79-km Shimla ropeway will be India’s largest and the world’s second-largest ropeway, after the 32-km La Paz ropeway in Bolivia.
• Funding Structure: The project cost is estimated at ₹1,734 crore, with 20% equity from Himachal Pradesh, 8% as a loan, and 72% as a grant from the NDB.
• Timeline: Tenders will open on December 31, 2024, and the project is expected to begin construction in March 2025.

Need for the Project

• Traffic Congestion: Shimla faces severe traffic issues, with over 10,000 vehicles entering daily during peak tourist seasons.
• Tourism Influx: The city hosted over 21.43 lakh tourists in 2023, exacerbating congestion and pollution.
• Urbanization Challenges: Increasing population and unplanned urban growth have strained Shimla’s infrastructure.

Benefits of the Project

• Decongestion: The ropeway will reduce vehicular traffic, easing congestion in Shimla.
• Environmental Sustainability: Ropeways are eco-friendly, minimizing carbon emissions compared to traditional road transport.
• Boost to Tourism: Enhanced connectivity will attract more tourists and reduce travel fatigue.
• Economic Growth: The project is expected to create jobs and spur local business growth.

Challenges

• Land Acquisition: Acquiring land in hilly areas poses logistical and legal hurdles.
• Funding and Execution: Ensuring smooth financing and timely execution of such large-scale projects is critical.
• Environmental Concerns: Ropeway construction may impact local ecosystems if not planned carefully.

Other Developments in Ropeway Projects

• Baglamukhi Ropeway, Mandi: To be inaugurated on November 5, 2024.
• Parwanoo-Shimla Ropeway: A feasibility study is being conducted.
• Bhanupali-Bilaspur-Beri Railway Line: The state will request the Centre to declare it a defense project for full funding.

Benefits of Ropeways in Himachal Pradesh

• Efficient Connectivity: Ropeways connect remote areas inaccessible by road.
• Cost-Effective Transport: They reduce infrastructure costs compared to road construction in hilly terrain.
• Tourism Promotion: Ropeways offer scenic travel options, attracting adventure and leisure tourists.
• Disaster Resilience: Ropeways are less affected by landslides or floods, ensuring consistent connectivity.

The Shimla ropeway is poised to be a game-changer, addressing urban challenges while setting a model for sustainable infrastructure in Himachal Pradesh.

5.   Precision Farming Tech Event Begins at Nauni

Why in News?

A two-day national seminar on “Precision Farming Technologies for Enhancing Production and Productivity of Horticultural and Forestry Crops” started at Dr. YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry (UHF), Nauni. Organized by the Precision Farming Development Centre (PFDC) and the Indian Society of Tree Scientists (ISTS), the event attracted 200 participants, including farmers, researchers, and experts.

What is Precision Farming?

Precision farming is a modern agricultural method that uses advanced technology to improve crop production while saving resources like water, fertilizers, and pesticides. It ensures that plants get exactly what they need, in the right amount, at the right time, and in the right place.

Example:

Imagine a farmer growing apples in Himachal Pradesh. Instead of watering the entire orchard equally, sensors placed in the soil measure moisture levels. If one part of the orchard is dry, only that area gets water through drip irrigation. Similarly, drones or GPS systems help identify which trees need fertilizers or pest control, ensuring no wastage and healthier crops.

This approach reduces costs, protects the environment, and increases yields, making farming more efficient and sustainable.

Benefits of Precision Farming in Himachal Pradesh

1. Efficient Resource Use: Helps in water conservation and better fertilizer application, especially in water-scarce hilly areas.
2. Higher Productivity: Increases crop yield by providing crops with optimal growing conditions.
3. Adaptation to Climate: Enables farmers to monitor and adapt to micro-climatic variations in Himachal’s diverse terrain.
4. Support for Horticulture and Forestry: Boosts the cultivation of high-value horticultural and forestry crops, key to Himachal’s economy.
5. Sustainable Practices: Aligns with natural farming and eco-friendly techniques promoted by the state government.

Challenges in Precision Farming

1. High Initial Costs: Advanced technologies like sensors, drones, and automated irrigation systems are expensive for small farmers.
2. Lack of Awareness: Limited knowledge and training among farmers about precision farming methods.
3. Terrain Constraints: Himachal’s rugged and hilly topography complicates the implementation of large-scale precision farming techniques.
4. Infrastructure Gaps: Insufficient connectivity and storage facilities hinder the adoption of modern farming practices.
5. Dependence on Government Support: Heavy reliance on subsidies and schemes for adoption.

The seminar aims to address these challenges by promoting farmer education and encouraging the integration of precision farming with sustainable agriculture in Himachal Pradesh.

6.   IIAS Invites Entries for Institute Anthem

Why in News?

The Indian Institute of Advanced Study (IIAS), Shimla, has invited entries for its institute anthem, Kulgeet. The anthem will reflect the values and ethos of the institute, and submissions are open until November 30, 2024.

Highlights of the Initiative

• Submission Details: Entries can be emailed to secretary@iias.ac.in or physically sent to the IIAS Secretary.
• Language and Format: The anthem must be in Hindi, with a maximum length of two A4-sized verses.
• Prize: The author of the selected anthem will receive ₹15,000 as a token of appreciation.
• Review Panel: Submissions will be evaluated by IIAS administrators, alumni, and experts in literature and music.
• Purpose: The chosen Kulgeet will be performed at key events, symbolizing the institute’s legacy and aspirations.

Why is This Important?

• Historical Legacy: Established in 1965, IIAS is housed in the Rashtrapati Nivas, a building with immense historical significance. The anthem will add to its rich cultural identity by encapsulating themes like academic excellence, cultural heritage, and the pursuit of knowledge.
• Symbol of Unity: The anthem will act as a unifying element, inspiring students, faculty, and visitors to align with the institute’s vision and values.

Institutes in Himachal with Their Own Anthem

• Himachal Pradesh University (HPU): The university has its anthem in Hindi, which reflects its commitment to education, culture, and the state’s natural beauty. The anthem is sung at major university events, reinforcing its identity and values.
• Significance for IIAS: With HPU setting a precedent, the adoption of a Kulgeet at IIAS will strengthen its identity as an institution of excellence in Himachal Pradesh.

Themes for the IIAS Anthem

The anthem should:

• Highlight academic excellence and intellectual pursuits.
• Embrace cultural heritage and unity.
• Reflect the institute’s commitment to knowledge and progressive values.

This initiative allows individuals to contribute creatively to IIAS’s legacy, enriching its cultural and academic narrative.

Himachal Pradesh University (HPU) adopted its anthem, Kulgeet, on October 22, 2021.

7.   Substandard Drugs Found in Himachal Pradesh

The Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation (CDSCO) and state regulators have flagged 25 drug samples from 18 pharmaceutical units in Himachal Pradesh as substandard, raising concerns over quality practices.

News Highlights

• Nationwide Concern: Of the 70 drugs declared Not of Standard Quality (NSQ) across India, 25 are from Himachal Pradesh.
• Critical Drugs Affected: Faulty batches of oxytocin, calcium gluconate, and promethazine hydrochloride injections, among others, have been identified.
• Common Drugs Failing Standards: Medications for diabetes, bacterial infections, nerve pain, and other ailments also failed quality checks.
• Key Manufacturing Areas Implicated: Pharmaceutical units in Baddi, Nalagarh, Paonta Sahib, Kala Amb, Solan, and Kangra are involved.
• Regulatory Actions: Defective products have been recalled, and licenses of non-compliant firms have been canceled.

Economic Significance of the Pharmaceutical Industry

• Key Contributor to the Economy: Accounts for nearly 35% of Himachal Pradesh’s industrial output (Economic Survey 2024).
• Major Hub: Over 300 pharmaceutical companies are operational in the state, with Baddi being Asia’s largest pharmaceutical manufacturing hub.
• Employment Driver: The industry provides significant employment and boosts ancillary sectors.

Concerns and Challenges

• Public Health Risk: Substandard drugs, including life-saving injectables, compromise treatment outcomes.
• Reputational Damage: Recurrent NSQ cases tarnish Himachal Pradesh’s reputation as a pharmaceutical hub.
• Quality Control Lapses: Issues like adulterants, low assay content, and labeling flaws highlight gaps in oversight.
• Critical Failures: Drugs like oxytocin (childbirth), heparin (blood clots), and ceftriaxone (bacterial infections) failing standards signal grave lapses.

Way Forward

• Enhanced Oversight: Intensify inspections and ensure strict adherence to manufacturing standards.
• Policy Reforms: Introduce stricter penalties and advanced surveillance mechanisms.
• Capacity Building: Conduct training programs for firms to improve compliance.
• Sustainability: Focus on long-term practices to maintain quality benchmarks and public trust.

This incident serves as a call for action to uphold pharmaceutical safety and reinforce Himachal Pradesh’s standing in the industry.

8.   New Wine Factory Opens at HPMC Centre in Mandi District to Boost Local Employment

Revenue Minister Jagat Singh Negi inaugurated a new wine factory at the Himachal Pradesh Horticultural Produce Marketing and Processing Corporation (HPMC) centre in Jadol, Mandi district. Built at a cost of Rs 7.51 crore, the factory is expected to create significant local employment opportunities and promote the region’s horticultural sector.

News Highlights

• Inauguration: Revenue Minister Jagat Singh Negi inaugurated the wine factory at the HPMC fruit processing centre in Jadol, Mandi.
• Investment: The facility was established at a cost of Rs 7.51 crore, aiming to enhance the state’s horticulture industry.
• Local Employment: The new factory will create jobs for the local community, benefiting the region’s workforce.
• Outdated Infrastructure: The existing HPMC unit at Jadol, established in 1970, was deemed outdated and needed upgrades.
• Future Development Projects: The HP Shiva Project, part of a Rs 1,200 crore initiative, aims to invest Rs 200 crore in Mandi district and improve horticultural development in seven districts.
• Ongoing Efforts for Revenue Efficiency: Monthly revenue courts will be held to expedite the resolution of property disputes.

Benefits of the New Wine Factory

1. Job Creation : The wine factory will generate local employment, particularly in the horticultural and processing sectors,
2. Boost to Horticulture : The facility is part of a broader strategy to improve the horticultural sector in Himachal Pradesh.
3. Infrastructure Development: The HPMC unit, upgraded with modern technology, will enhance the state’s ability to process horticultural products efficiently, reducing wastage and improving marketability.